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Historical Values
Year Value
1990 15.0%; underemployment estimated at 60% (1989)
1991 20.0%; underemployment estimated at 60% (1989)
1992 15.0%; underemployment 65% (1991 est.)
1993 15% (1992 est.); underemployment 70% (1992 est.)
1994 15%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)
1995 15%; extensive underemployment (1992 est.)
1996 15%; extensive underemployment (1992 est.)
1997 8.2%; extensive underemployment (1996)
1998 8.2%; extensive underemployment (1996)
1999 8.2%; extensive underemployment (1996)
2000 7.7%; extensive underemployment (1997)
2001 7.7%; extensive underemployment (1997)
2002 9%; widespread underemployment (2001 est.)
2003 9.4%; widespread underemployment (2002 est.)
2004 9.7%; widespread underemployment (2003 est.)
2005 9.6% in metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2004 est.)
2006 7.6% in metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2005 est.)
2007 7.2% in metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2006 est.)
2008 6.9% in metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2007 est.)
2009 8.1% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 114 6.9% (2007 est.) note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
2010 6.7% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 65 8.1% (2009 est.) note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
2011 6.6% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 61 8.9% (2009 est.) note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
2012 7.7% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 89 7.9% (2011 est.) note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
2013 5.2% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 48 7.9% (2011 est.) note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
2014 3.6% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 29 3.9% (2011 est.) note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
2015 6% (2014 est.) | 6.5% (2013 est.) | note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment | country comparison to the world: 84
2016 5.2% (2015 est.) | 5.5% (2014 est.) | note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment | country comparison to the world: 56
2017 6.7% (2016 est.) | 6.5% (2015 est.) | note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment | country comparison to the world: 87
2018 6.9% (2017 est.) | 6.7% (2016 est.) | note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
2019 6.9% (2017 est.) | 6.7% (2016 est.) | note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
2020 6.58% (2019 est.) | 6.73% (2018 est.) | note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
2021 6.58% (2019 est.) 6.73% (2018 est.) note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
2022 6.58% (2019 est.) 6.73% (2018 est.) note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
2023 4.83% (2021 est.) 7.18% (2020 est.) 3.38% (2019 est.) note: data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment
2024 4.82% (2023 est.) 3.85% (2022 est.) 5.1% (2021 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
2025 4.9% (2024 est.) 4.9% (2023 est.) 3.9% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment